![]() In this article, we will cover more about DNA-binding proteins, including their functions, working mechanisms, and industries that involve these sequence-specific proteins in lab workflows. It consists of 60-80 amino acid sequences with diverse leucine zipper dimerization regions. Leucine zipper: A common DNA-binding dimerization motif present in proteins. ![]() The other helix is involved in the stabilization of the DNA-protein complex. It binds to the major groove of DNA using hydrogen bonds and acts as a gene expression modulator. One helix of the protein is involved in DNA recognition. Helix-turn-helix: Consists of two alpha helices joined by short amino acid strands.Zinc finger: A small protein motif having a number of finger-like protrusions with one or more zinc ions (Zn2+) that bind to molecules, such as different proteins, lipids, DNA, or RNA substrates.The DNA-binding motifs involved in forming a DNA complex include: Histones: Involved in transcription and chromosome packaging in the cell nucleus.An example includes nucleases that cleave DNA molecules. Repair factors: Have a role in removing single base pairs or specific oligonucleotides and filling the gaps with suitable nucleotides.DNA replications factors: Carry out in vivo and in vitro synthesis of whole genome or DNA fragments.Transcription factors: Involved in transcriptional regulation, such as transcription activators.These include netropsin, pentamidine, distamycin, and others.īased on the functions the DNA-binding proteins perform, they are classified into four classes: However, there are also some DNA-binding ligands that interact with the minor groove of nucleic acid. These sequence-specific proteins contain functional groups that identify base pairs and allow them to interact with B-DNA’s major groove. Proteins that have DNA-binding domains to bind single or double-stranded DNA are known as DNA-binding proteins.
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